Add Ruff config

[zas]

Summary

• This is a…
  • Bug fix
  • Feature addition
  • Refactoring
  • Minor / simple change (like a typo)
  • Other
• Describe this change in 1-2 sentences:

Problem

• JIRA ticket (optional): PICARD-XXX

Solution

Action

Additional actions required:

• Update Picard documentation (please include a reference to this PR)
• Other (please specify below)

[zas]

@phw ruff could replace isort, pylint, and flake8 we have configs for, so that's a first step.

I created a separated workflow for now, but we may want to actually replace pylint in existing workflows.
Also I fixed files according to extra warnings I was getting locally, some are quite interesting (like missing @staticmethod I detected because my precommit hook is running flake8, but those weren't catched by ruff afaik), most are cosmetic only.

Those related to raise ... from are trickier, most of times we want to use from parent exception, but in case we actually handle it, so I tried to stick to some ... logic. A review is very needed though ;)

Question: should'nt we write a proper pyproject.toml with a project section now?