How to get the Fulcio root certificate securely in `verify-blob`?

[wata727]

First of all, thank you for the great project and everyone involved in it. I'm a maintainer of an OSS project using cosign to sign release binaries. Our project uses GoReleaser for signing, and we run the following commands on the checksum:

COSIGN_EXPERIMENTAL=1 cosign sign-blob --output-certificate=checksum.txt.pem --output-signature=checksum.txt.keyless.sig checksum.txt

https://github.com/terraform-linters/tflint/blob/e7668cb182999e93a2e79534968d8ad686c14f14/.goreleaser.yml#L26-L37

To verify this, we provide a verification example as follows:

cosign verify-blob --cert checksums.txt.pem --signature checksums.txt.keyless.sig --certificate-github-workflow-repository=terraform-linters/tflint checksums.txt

https://github.com/terraform-linters/tflint/blob/e7668cb182999e93a2e79534968d8ad686c14f14/README.md#verification

However, I understand that this way does not verify the checksum.txt.pem's certificate chain against the Fulcio root trust, so it is not sufficient:
https://github.com/sigstore/cosign/blob/v1.10.1/cmd/cosign/cli/verify/verify_blob.go#L122-L129

To avoid this, I understand that I need to pass the Fulcio root certificate with the --certificate-chain option:
https://github.com/sigstore/cosign/blob/v1.10.1/cmd/cosign/cli/verify/verify_blob.go#L131-L139

Now the question is, how can I get this root certificate securely?

I have confirmed that I can get certificates locally using TUF by cosign initialize. I can use this to build a certificate chain like this:

cosign initialize
cat ~/.sigstore/root/targets/fulcio_intermediate_v1.crt.pem > fulcio_chained.crt.pem
echo >> fulcio_chained.crt.pem
cat ~/.sigstore/root/targets/fulcio.crt.pem >> fulcio_chained.crt.pem
echo >> fulcio_chained.crt.pem
cat ~/.sigstore/root/targets/fulcio_v1.crt.pem >> fulcio_chained.crt.pem

cosign verify-blob --cert checksums.txt.pem --cert-chain fulcio_chained.crt.pem --signature checksums.txt.keyless.sig --certificate-github-workflow-repository=terraform-linters/tflint checksums.txt
Verified OK

But I'm not sure I can trust this local cache. In my opinion, it's safest to also get this root certificate by the TUF client, like COSIGN_EXPERIMENTAL=1 cosign verify-blob:
https://github.com/sigstore/cosign/blob/v1.10.1/cmd/cosign/cli/verify/verify_blob.go#L220-L227

What do you think about this? Is there a better way?

[asraa]

Hi @wata727! Thanks for the very thoughtful question, this is great.

You are exactly correct that that way does not verify the certificate chain. I think this was noted in a prior issue, but I can't find it right now.

To avoid this, I understand that I need to pass the Fulcio root certificate with the --certificate-chain option:

Correct.

But I'm not sure I can trust this local cache. In my opinion, it's safest to also get this root certificate by the TUF client, like

Yes, actually cosign initialize performs the same retrieval of the targets GetRoots() and GetIntermediates() like the code you linked to.

This is the code run to GetRoots():
https://github.com/sigstore/sigstore/blob/dbd7b3ace9d39828d0ee8d0e5b6a73101fe094aa/pkg/fulcioroots/fulcioroots.go#L83-L95

It creates a new TUF environment and gets the targets by name of the file or usage.

This is also what's called when you run cosign initialize.

That local cache is a full TUF repository that chains up to an embedded root in cosign, as is the GetRoots() in memory. I do agree though that it is less safe to pick and choose the files from the cache manually, since you are relying on knowing which filenames to chose by hand.

Honestly, by default, if no certificate chain is provided, then we SHOULD verify against the root pool retrieved from GetRoots().

@haydentherapper do you know if there was any discussion about this?

[haydentherapper]

There hasn't been discussion about that. It'd be changing this behavior or this. Originally I will guess the thought was that by providing only the certificate, it's just a vehicle for providing the public key.
I'm fine with changing the behavior, either to mandate a chain be provided or fetch from TUF.

[wata727]

Thank you for answering my question.

Honestly, by default, if no certificate chain is provided, then we SHOULD verify against the root pool retrieved from GetRoots().

Agreed.

I'm fine with changing the behavior, either to mandate a chain be provided or fetch from TUF.

Thank you for your comment. I've opened a PR to change the behavior. I would be happy to discuss the implementation here #2139.

[wata727]

#2139 is merged. With this fix, the certificate chain will be verified against the Fulcio root trust by default if you pass the --cert option.

The answer to this question is "Fulio root trust is retrieved automatically, so you don't need to pass it with --cert-chain".

Thank you again to everyone who answered the question and participated in the code review.